主要成分 |
茶叶含膘呤类生物碱,以咖啡(caffeine)为主,含量1%-5%,另有可可豆碱(theobromine),茶碱(theophylline),黄瞟呤(xanthine)。还含鞣质,绿茶中含缩合鞣质约10%-24 %,红茶中约6%左右,其中没食子酸以左旋表没食子儿茶精酯[(-)epigallocatechin gallate]为主,并有左旋表没食子儿茶精(epigallocate-chin),没食子酸表儿茶精酯(epicatechingallate),左旋表此茶精(epi-catechin),没食子酸左旋没食子儿茶精酯[(-)gallocatechin gallate],消旋儿茶精(catechin),没食子酸儿茶精酯(catechin gallate)以及没食子酸(gallic acid),茶黄素(theaflavin),异茶黄素(isotheaflavin)。又含精油,绿茶中含β-及γ-庚烯醇(heptenol),α-及β-庚烯醛(heptenal),4-乙基愈创木酚(4-ethyl guaiaool),荜澄茄烯醇(cadinenol),橙花叔醇(nerolidol),α-及β-紫罗兰酮(ionone),酞酸二丁酯(dibutlphthalate),3,7-二甲基辛-l,5,7-三烯-3-醇(3, 7-dimethyl-1,5,7-octatriene-3-ol),辛-3,5-二烯-2-酮(3,5-octadiene-2-one),芳樟醇(linalool),牻牛儿醇(geraniol),顺式茉莉酮(cis-jasmone),顺式及反式芳樟醇氧化物(linalool oxide),吲哚(indole),茶螺酮(theaspirone),5,6-环氧紫罗兰酮(5,6-三甲环已酮(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexanone),2,6,6-三甲基-2-羟基环已酮(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-hydroxycyclohexanone)等;红茶中含α-及β-紫罗兰酮,顺式茉莉花素,茶螺酮,荜澄茄烯醇,牻牛儿醇,δ-荜澄茄烯(δ-cadinene),α-衣兰油烯(α-muurolene),糠醇(furfuryl aclcohol),甲基苯基甲醇(methylphenylcrbinol),吡咯-2-甲醛(pyrrole-2-aldehyde),吲哚,甲酸苄酯(benzyl formate),甲酸苯乙酯(phenylethyl formate),α-松油醇(α-terpineol),苯甲酸顺式已-2-烯醇酯(cis-2-hexenyl benzoate),3,7-二甲基辛-1,5,7-三烯-3-醇,癸-反2,反4-二烯醛(deca-trans2,trans4-dienal),2-苯基-丁烯醛(2-phenyl-2-butenal),酞酸二丁酯,正十六酸甲酯(methyl n-hexadecanoate),4-氧壬酸甲酯(methyl 4-oxononanoate),2,3-环氧紫罗兰酮(2,3-epoxy-ionone),二氢猕猴桃内酯,3-酮-β-紫罗兰酮(3-keto-β-ionone)等;黑茶中含丁醛(butyraldehyde),异丁醛(isobutyraldehyyde),戊醛(valeraldehyde),异戊醛(isovaleraldehyde),已醛(capronaldehyde),苯甲醛(benzaldehyde),水杨醛(salicylaldehyde),苯乙酮 (acetophenone),异戊醇(isoamyl alcohol),乙醇(hexanol),苯甲 醇(benzylalcohol),苯乙醇(phenylethyl alcohol),顺式及反式芳樟醇氧化物,顺式已-3烯-l-醇(cis-3-hexen-1-ol),乙酸乙酯(ethylacetate),乙酸等苄酯(benzyl acetate),水杨酸甲酯(methyl salicylate),芳樟醇,牻牛儿醇,β-紫罗兰酮,α-松油醇 ,戊-1-烯-3-醇(l-penten-3-ol),反式戊-2-烯-1-醇(trans-2-penten-l-ol),龙脑(borneol),乙酸龙脑酯(bornyl acetate),戊醇(amyl alcohol),甲酸异戊酯(isoamyl ormate),戊酸甲酯(methyl valerate),乙酸戊酯(amyl acetate),乙酸牻牛儿醇酯(geranyl acetate),乙酸苯乙醇酯(phenylethyl acetate)等。另含黄酮类成分:牡荆素(vitexin),肥皂草素(saponaretin)即是异牡荆素(isovitexin),紫云英甙(astragalin),槲皮素(quercetin),异概皮素(isoqueretin),芸香甙(rutin),槲皮素-3-鼠李糖二葡萄糖甙(quercetin-3-rhamnodiglucoside),山亲酚-3-鼠李糖葡萄糖甙(kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside)山柰酚-3-鼠李糖二葡萄糖甙(kaempferol-3-rhamnodiglucoside)杨梅树皮素-3-葡萄糖甙(myricetin-3-glucoside),6,8-二-C葡萄糖基芹菜素(6,8-di-C-β-glu-copyranosyl apigenin),芹菜素(apigenin),山茶黄酮甙(camellianin)A及B等。还舍茶氨酸(theanine),茵芋甙(skimmin),东莨菪素(scopoletin),茶醇(thea aloohol)A即三十烷醇(triacontanol),苯醇B即三十二烷醇(dotriacontanol),α-菠菜甾醇(α-spinasterol),豆甾-7-烯-3-醇(stigmasta-7-ene-3-ol),α-菠菜甾醇龙胆二糖甙(α-spinasterol gen-<br />tiobioside),β-香树脂醇(β-amyrin),维生素A、R2、C,胡萝卜素(carotene)等。又含多种三萜皂甙,水解后得山茶皂甙元(camel-<br />ligenin)A玉蕊醇(barrigenol)R1,玉蕊皂甙元(barringtogenol)C,玉蕊醇(barigenol)A1,桂皮酸(cinnamic acid),当归酸(angelic acid)和阿拉伯糖(arabinose),本糖(xylose),半乳糖(galactose),葡萄糖醛酸(glu-curonic acid)等,其中称为茶叶皂甙(thneafolisaponin)的,系由玉蕊皂甙元 C,玉蕊醇R1,巴豆酸(tiglic acid),桂皮酸,当归酸和阿拉伯糖,木糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖醛酸所组成。 |
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